In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 338760-26-2, name is 1-tert-Butyl 3-methyl 1H-indole-1,3-dicarboxylate, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 338760-26-2
Mannich type reactions of a preformed aldimine with various carbonyl compounds were investigated with a series of functionalised indoline derivatives as catalysts: indoline-3-carboxylic acid, the diphenylcarbinol analogue and O-protected silyl ether analogues. All compounds were readily prepared in enantiopure form by using an enzymatic kinetic resolution as a key step (E?100). The alcohol and ether catalysts failed to induce complete chirality transfer but did afford the Mannich bases in good yields and high diastereomeric ratios, whereas the acid catalyst gave the products in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The absolute configuration of the products was determined by a syn-anti isomerisation protocol, initiated by the sterically demanding base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. Enzymatic kinetic resolution (E?100) was applied in the synthesis of enantiopure indoline-3-carboxylic acid (1); the corresponding derivatives 2-4 were readily obtained after standard transformations. Compounds 1-4 were applied as organocatalysts in Mannich-type reactions (see scheme) to afford the products with high anti selectivity at low temperatures, in moderate to good yields Copyright
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 338760-26-2 is helpful to your research. Product Details of 338760-26-2
Reference：
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles