Day: February 22, 2023

Ethanol sensitizes hepatocytes for TGF-β-triggered apoptosis was written by Gaitantzi, Haristi;Meyer, Christoph;Rakoczy, Pia;Thomas, Maria;Wahl, Kristin;Wandrer, Franziska;Bantel, Heike;Alborzinia, Hamed;Woelfl, Stefan;Ehnert, Sabrina;Nuessler, Andreas;Bergheim, Ina;Ciuclan, Loredana;Ebert, Matthias;Breitkopf-Heinlein, Katja;Dooley, Steven. And the article was included in Cell Death & Disease in 2018.Synthetic Route of C19H12Cl2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Alc. abuse is a global health problem causing a substantial fraction of chronic liver diseases. Abundant TGF-β-a potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine-leads to disease progression. Our aim was to elucidate the crosstalk of TGF-β and alc. on hepatocytes. Primary murine hepatocytes were challenged with ethanol and TGF-β and cell fate was determined Fluidigm RNA analyses revealed transcriptional effects that regulate survival and apoptosis. Mechanistic insights were derived from enzyme/pathway inhibition experiments and modulation of oxidative stress levels. To substantiate findings, animal model specimens and human liver tissue cultures were investigated. On its own, ethanol had no effect on hepatocyte apoptosis, whereas TGF-β increased cell death. Combined treatment led to massive hepatocyte apoptosis, which could also be recapitulated in human HCC liver tissue treated ex vivo. Alc. boosted the TGF-β pro-apoptotic gene signature. The underlying mechanism of pathway crosstalk involves SMAD and non-SMAD/AKT signaling. Blunting CYP2E1 and ADH activities did not prevent this effect, implying that it was not a consequence of alc. metabolism In line with this, the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde did not mimic the effect and glutathione supplementation did not prevent the super-induction of cell death. In contrast, blocking GSK-3β activity, a downstream mediator of AKT signaling, rescued the strong apoptotic response triggered by ethanol and TGF-β. This study provides novel information on the crosstalk between ethanol and TGF-β. We give evidence that ethanol directly leads to a boost of TGF-β’s pro-apoptotic function in hepatocytes, which may have implications for patients with chronic alc. liver disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (cas: 280744-09-4Synthetic Route of C19H12Cl2N2O2).

3-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (cas: 280744-09-4) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Synthetic Route of C19H12Cl2N2O2

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Total Synthesis of (±)-Aspergilline A was written by Nakhla, Mina C.;Wood, John L.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Product Details of 20780-72-7 This article mentions the following:

The total synthesis of (±)-aspergilline A (I) is described. Key features of the synthesis include pyrrolinone formation via reaction of an intermediate propargyl amine with a Me malonyl chloride derived ammonium enolate and a formal [3+2] cycloaddition between an imidate and cyclopropenone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromoindoline-2,3-dione (cas: 20780-72-7Product Details of 20780-72-7).

4-Bromoindoline-2,3-dione (cas: 20780-72-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole exists overwhelmingly in the 1H-indole form as do other simple indoles.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.Product Details of 20780-72-7

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

A novel, efficient synthesis of 3,3-dimethylindoline was written by Ramsay, T. W.;Slater, G. R.;Smith, P.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 1995.Name: 3,3-Dimethylindoline This article mentions the following:

The Lewis acid mediated cyclization of N-methallylacetanilide, followed by hydrolysis gave 3,3-dimethylindoline in excellent yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3-Dimethylindoline (cas: 1914-02-9Name: 3,3-Dimethylindoline).

3,3-Dimethylindoline (cas: 1914-02-9) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. More than 200 indole derivatives have already been marketed as drugs or are under advanced stages of clinical trials.Name: 3,3-Dimethylindoline

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Fbw7-dependent mcl-1 degradation mediates the anticancer effect of hsp90 inhibitors was written by Tong, Jingshan;Tan, Shuai;Nikolovska-Coleska, Zaneta;Yu, Jian;Zou, Fangdong;Zhang, Lin. And the article was included in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics in 2017.Recommanded Product: 280744-09-4 This article mentions the following:

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is widely overexpressed in cancer cells and necessary for maintenance of malignant phenotypes. Hsp90 inhibition induces tumor cell death through degradation of its client oncoproteins and has shown promises in preclin. studies. However, the mechanism by which Hsp90 inhibitors kill tumor cells is not well-understood. Biomarkers associated with differential sensitivity and resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors remain to be identified. In this study, we found that colorectal cancer cells containing inactivating mutations of FBW7, a tumor suppressor and E3 ubiquitin ligase, are intrinsically insensitive to Hsp90 inhibitors. The insensitive colorectal cancer cells lack degradation of Mcl-1, a prosurvival Bcl-2 family protein. Hsp90 inhibition promotes GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation of Mcl-1, which subsequently binds to FBW7 and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation Specifically blocking Mcl-1 phosphorylation by genetic knock-in abrogates its degradation and renders in vitro and in vivo resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors, which can be overcame by Mcl-1-selective small-mol. inhibitors. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a key role of GSK3β/FBW7-dependent Mcl-1 degradation in killing of colorectal cancer cells by Hsp90 inhibitors and suggest FBW7 mutational status as a biomarker for Hsp90-targeted therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (cas: 280744-09-4Recommanded Product: 280744-09-4).

3-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (cas: 280744-09-4) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole produced by Proteus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia and other species was shown to be a growth promoting factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. They are capable of binding to a variety of receptors with high affinity and thus have applications in a wide range of therapeutic areas.Recommanded Product: 280744-09-4

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Synthesis of Difluoroalkylated Arenes by Hydroaryldifluoromethylation of Alkenes with α,α-Difluoroarylacetic Acids under Photoredox Catalysis was written by Yang, Bin;Xu, Xiu-Hua;Qing, Feng-Ling. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

A visible-light-induced hydroaryldifluoromethylation of alkenes with α,α-difluoroarylacetic acids for preparation of difluoroalkylated arenes has been developed. This reaction proceeds through the hypervalent iodine reagent promoted decarboxylation and subsequent radical hydroaryldifluoromethylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Allylisoindoline-1,3-dione (cas: 5428-09-1Category: indole-building-block).

2-Allylisoindoline-1,3-dione (cas: 5428-09-1) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole produced by Proteus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia and other species was shown to be a growth promoting factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, it is known that it controls biofilm formation. However, the role of indole in the cell has not been fully elucidated.Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Development of a Highly Potent D₂/D₃ Agonist and a Partial Agonist from Structure-Activity Relationship Study of N⁶-(2-(4-(1H-Indol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-N⁶-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine Analogues: Implication in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease was written by Das, Banibrata;Vedachalam, Seenuvasan;Luo, Dan;Antonio, Tamara;Reith, Maarten E. A.;Dutta, Aloke K.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Product Details of 324756-80-1 This article mentions the following:

The structure-activity relationship studies with N⁶-(2-(4-(1H-indol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-N⁶-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine derivatives led to development of a lead compound I which exhibited very high affinity (K_i, D₂ = 16.4 nM, D₃ = 1.15 nM) and full agonist activity (EC₅₀ (GTPγS); D₂ = 3.23 and D₃ = 1.41 nM) at both D₂ and D₃ receptors. A partial agonist mol. II (EC₅₀ (GTPγS); D₂ = 21.6 (E_max = 27%) and D₃ = 10.9 nM) was also identified. In a Parkinson’s disease (PD) animal model, I was highly efficacious in reversing hypolocomotion in reserpinized rats with a long duration of action, indicating its potential as an anti-PD drug. Compound II was also able to elevate locomotor activity in the above PD animal model significantly, implying its potential application in PD therapy. Furthermore, I was shown to be neuroprotective in protecting neuronal PC12 from toxicity of 6-OHDA. This report, therefore, underpins the notion that a multifunctional drug like I might have the potential not only to ameliorate motor dysfunction in PD patients but also to modify disease progression by protecting DA neurons from progressive degeneration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 3-formyl-5-methoxy-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (cas: 324756-80-1Product Details of 324756-80-1).

tert-Butyl 3-formyl-5-methoxy-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (cas: 324756-80-1) belongs to indole derivatives. In addition to tryptophan, indigo, and indoleacetic acid, numerous compounds obtainable from plant or animal sources contain the indole molecular structure. Indole plays a fundamental role for QS in E. coli, being one of the signal molecules responsible for the transcription of a variety of genes (gabT, and tnaB ASTD). Product Details of 324756-80-1

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Unique versatility of ionic liquids as clean decarboxylation catalyst cum solvent: a metal- and quinoline-free paradigm towards synthesis of indoles, styrenes, stilbenes and arene derivatives under microwave irradiation in aqueous conditions was written by Sharma, Abhishek;Kumar, Rakesh;Sharma, Naina;Kumar, Vinod;Sinha, Arun K.. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2008.HPLC of Formula: 1912-48-7 This article mentions the following:

Ionic liquids have been found to provide a new platform for metal- and quinoline-free decarboxylation of various N-heteroaryl and aryl carboxylic acids under microwave irradiation in aqueous condition. The method was found to possess a wide substrate scope towards the synthesis of various pharmacol. and industrially important aromatic compounds including indoles, styrenes, stilbenes, and nitro- or hydroxyarene derivatives The decarboxylation of indole and α-phenylcinnamic acids proceeded well without addition of any catalyst in neat 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([hmim]Br) and 1-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonic acid ([Hmim]PTSA), resp., while addition of a mild base like aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate to [hmim]Br further improved the decarboxylation of hydroxylated cinnamic and aromatic acid substrates. The developed methodol. not only precludes the usage of toxic metal/quinoline and harsh organic bases but also offers several inherent benefits like recyclability of reagent system, reduction in waste and hazards, short reaction time besides ease of product recovery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-indoleacetic acid (cas: 1912-48-7HPLC of Formula: 1912-48-7).

1-Methyl-3-indoleacetic acid (cas: 1912-48-7) belongs to indole derivatives. In addition to tryptophan, indigo, and indoleacetic acid, numerous compounds obtainable from plant or animal sources contain the indole molecular structure.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.HPLC of Formula: 1912-48-7

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Enantioselective Radical Carbocyanation of 1,3-Dienes via Photocatalytic Generation of Allylcopper Complexes was written by Lu, Fu-Dong;Lu, Liang-Qiu;He, Gui-Feng;Bai, Jun-Chuan;Xiao, Wen-Jing. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.SDS of cas: 1538551-54-0 This article mentions the following:

1,3-Dienes are readily available feedstocks that are widely used in the laboratory and industry. However, the potential of converting 1,3-dienes into value-added products, especially chiral products, has not yet been fully exploited. By synergetic photoredox/copper catalysis, we achieve the first visible-light-induced, enantioselective carbocyanation of 1,3-dienes by using carboxylic acid derivatives and trimethylsilyl cyanide. Under mild and neutral conditions, a diverse range of chiral allyl cyanides are produced in generally good efficiency and with high enantioselectivity from bench-stable and user-safe chems. Moreover, preliminary results also confirm that this success can be expanded to 1,3-enynes and the four-component carbonylative carbocyanation of 1,3-dienes and 1,3-enynes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl butyrate (cas: 1538551-54-0SDS of cas: 1538551-54-0).

1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl butyrate (cas: 1538551-54-0) belongs to indole derivatives. The indole subunit is an almost ubiquitous component of biologically active natural products, and its study has been the focus of research for decades. Due to this activity, the indole ring system has become an important component or intermediate in the synthesis of heterocycles.SDS of cas: 1538551-54-0

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Photo electron transfer induced macrocyclization of N-phthaloyl-ω-aminocarboxylic acids was written by Griesbeck, Axel G.;Henz, Andreas;Peters, Karl;Peters, Eva-Maria;von Schnering, Hans Georg. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English in 1995.Reference of 3130-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Macrocycles such as azacyclotridecane I (n = 9) can be prepared by irradiating phthaloyl aminocarboxylic acids such as 12-aminododecanoic acid derivative II in acetone/K₂CO₃/H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid (cas: 3130-75-4Reference of 3130-75-4).

4-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid (cas: 3130-75-4) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. Indole plays a fundamental role for QS in E. coli, being one of the signal molecules responsible for the transcription of a variety of genes (gabT, and tnaB ASTD). Reference of 3130-75-4

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Rapid and selective access to three distinct sets of indole-based heterocycles from a single set of Ugi-adducts under microwave heating was written by Zhang, Lei;Zhao, Fei;Zheng, Mingyue;Zhai, Yun;Liu, Hong. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2013.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

Three distinct sets of indole-based heterocycles, e.g. I, II and III, were rapidly and selectively synthesized from the same set of Ugi-adducts, e.g. IV, under microwave heating in a reaction-condition-controlled manner. Notably, an unprecedented metal-free intramol. sp³-hybridized C-H arylation using only cesium carbonate was discovered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (5-Chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)methanol (cas: 53590-47-9Category: indole-building-block).

(5-Chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)methanol (cas: 53590-47-9) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. More than 200 indole derivatives have already been marketed as drugs or are under advanced stages of clinical trials.Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles