In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 1011-65-0, name is Methyl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate, introducing its new discovery. name: Methyl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate
(Chemical Equation Presented) A neutral catalytic system for Michael reactions of indoles has been developed by combining silica-supported benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt with hydrophobic ionic liquid in water. An efficient hydrophobic environment could be created on the surface of the silica-sodium material under the conditions. Various indole derivatives and alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds including some acid-labile substrates were successfully applied to this system with water as the sole solvent to afford the desired Michael adducts in high yields.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 1011-65-0 is helpful to your research. name: Methyl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate
Reference：
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles