In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 2124-55-2, name is Indole-4-carboxylic acid, introducing its new discovery. Safety of Indole-4-carboxylic acid
Practical formal total syntheses of the homocamptothecin derivative and anticancer agent diflomotecan via asymmetric acetate aldol additions to pyridine ketone substrates
(Chemical Equation Presented) Two practical, efficient, and scalable asymmetric routes to DE ring fragment 7, a key building block in the synthesis of the homocamptothecin derivative diflomotecan 4, are described. The “acetal route” starts from 2-chloro-4-cyanopyridine 8 and represents an enantioselective and optimized modification of the original racemic discovery chemistry synthesis. The inefficient optical resolution procedure was replaced by an efficient asymmetric acetate aldol addition (dr 87:13) to a ketone substrate as the key step generating the (R)-configured quaternary stereocenter with high stereoselectivity. 7 was finally obtained in 8.9% overall yield (er 99.95:0.05) over nine steps, avoiding chromatographic purifications and comparing favorably with the initial procedure. In the related “amide route” starting from 2-chloroisonicotinic acid 41, a secondary amide directing group was used to facilitate the ortho lithiation of the pyridine 3-position. The key step of this protocol again consists of a practical asymmetric acetate aldol addition (dr = 87: 13). The DE ring building block 7 was thus obtained in 11.1% overall yield (er > 99.95:0.05) over nine steps requiring only one chromatographic purification.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 2124-55-2 is helpful to your research. Safety of Indole-4-carboxylic acid
Reference£º
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from?Bacillus thuringiensis?and?Bacillus velezensis?and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles