In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 19012-03-4, name is 1-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, introducing its new discovery. Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde
Reaction of 1-substituted 3-alkenyl-1H-indoles with an equimolar amount of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane gave cyclic dimers, 1,3-trans-N, N?-disubstituted cyclopent[b]indoles, in 53-84% yields as sole products through an acid-mediated stereoselective cyclo-dimerization process. The structure of the cyclic dimer derived from 3-cyclopentylidenemethyl-1-methyl-1H- indole was elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 19012-03-4 is helpful to your research. Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde
Reference：
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles