120-72-9 | - Indole Building Blocks

Tang, Sheng’s team published research in Molecules in 2022 | CAS: 120-72-9

1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Electric Literature of C8H7N

Electric Literature of C8H7NIn 2022 ,《Indole-Based Tubulin Inhibitors: Binding Modes and SARs Investigations》 appeared in Molecules. The author of the article were Tang, Sheng; Zhou, Zhihui; Jiang, Zhiyan; Zhu, Wufu; Qiao, Dan. The article conveys some information:

A review. Tubulin inhibitors can interfere with normal cell mitosis and inhibit cell proliferation through interfering with the normal structure and function of microtubules, forming spindle filaments. Indole, as a privileged pharmacol. skeleton, has been widely used in anti-cancer inhibitors. A variety of alkaloids containing an indole core obtained from natural sources have been proven to inhibit tubulin polymerization, and an ever-increasing number of synthetic indole-based tubulin inhibitors have been reported. Among these, several kinds of indole-based derivatives, such as TMP analogs, aroylindoles, arylthioindoles, fused indole, carbazoles, azacarbolines, alkaloid nortopsentin analogs and bis-indole derivatives, have shown good inhibition activities towards tubulin polymerization The binding modes and SARs investigations of synthetic indole derivatives, along with a brief mechanism on their anti-tubulin activity, are presented in this review.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Electric Literature of C8H7N) was used in this study.

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Devincenzi, T.’s team published research in Animal in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2019,Animal included an article by Devincenzi, T.; Prunier, A.; Meteau, K.; Prache, S.. Name: 1H-Indole. The article was titled 《How does barley supplementation in lambs grazing alfalfa affect meat sensory quality and authentication?》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Excessive flavor in lamb meat is undesirable for consumers and can prompt purchase resistance. Volatile indoles responsible for off-flavors accumulate more in the fat of lambs on pasture than on grain and are enhanced when lambs graze alfalfa. Here, we investigated whether barley supplementation of lambs grazing alfalfa influences meat sensory quality. Using three groups of 12 male Romane lambs, we compared three feeding regimes: alfalfa grazing (AG), alfalfa grazing + daily supplementation with barley (29 g/kg live weight0.75, AGS) and stall feeding with concentrate and hay (SF). As some of the compounds involved in meat sensory traits may act as dietary biomarkers, we also investigated potential implications for meat authentication. Although barley represented 38% of the diet in AGS lambs, it did not offer any advantage for animal average daily gain or parasitism level. Animal performance, carcass weight and fatness did not differ between feeding regimes. Dorsal fat firmness tended to be greater in AG than AGS and greater in AGS than SF. Skatole and indole concentrations in perirenal and dorsal fat were lower in SF lambs than in AG and AGS lambs (P<0.01 to P<0.0001), but did not differ between AG and AGS lambs. Yellowness, chroma and hue angle of perirenal fat were lower in SF lambs than in AG and AGS lambs (P<0.001), but did not differ between AG and AGS lambs. Absolute value of the mean integral for both perirenal fat and s.c. caudal fat (AVMIPF and AVMISC), quantifying the intensity of light absorption by carotenoids in perirenal and s.c. caudal fat, resp., were lower in SF lambs than in AG and AGS lambs (P<0.0001 for both comparisons), but did not differ between AG and AGS lambs. Meat color was unaffected by the treatment. We confirm that lambs grazing alfalfa accumulate high levels of volatile indoles in their fat, but we show that barley supplementation to lambs grazing alfalfa is not effective in reducing fat volatile indoles concentration and excessive odor/flavor in the meat. We also confirm that both perirenal fat skatole concentration and AVMIPF are of interest for discriminating lambs that grazed alfalfa from lambs that were stall-fed, and we show that they are not effective for discriminating supplemented from non-supplemented grazing lambs.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Name: 1H-Indole) was used in this study.

Wood, Thomas K.’s team published research in mBio in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

Quality Control of 1H-IndoleIn 2019 ,《Precedence for the role of indole with pathogens》 appeared in mBio. The author of the article were Wood, Thomas K.; Lee, Jintae. The article conveys some information:

A review. Kumar and Sperandio recently reported that indole represses the expression of virulence genes of the gastrointestinal tract pathogens enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium. Indole has been shown previously to act as a true signal for E. coli and it has been argued by us that indole is likely hydroxylated by oxygenases to become an even more potent signal in the gastrointestinal tract. Indole has been shown to increase the competitiveness of commensal E. coli with P. aeruginosa by inhibiting its quorum sensing. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Quality Control of 1H-Indole)

Hibbard, J.’s team published research in Anaerobe in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2019,Anaerobe included an article by Hibbard, J.; Jiang, Z.-D.; DuPont, H. L.. Name: 1H-Indole. The article was titled 《Fecal calprotectin and fecal indole predict outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Fecal calprotectin and indole were studied in 134 subjects with recurrent CDI before and after FMT. Reduced fecal calprotectin (p = 0.0353, 95% CI 0.1305-0.1439) and rising levels of indole (p < 0.0001, 95% CI < 0.0001-0.0003) predicted successful treatment. A ratio of recal calprotectin/indole may provide prognostic value for FMT (p = 0.0004, 95% CI 0.22-0.87). In the experiment, the researchers used 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Name: 1H-Indole)

Ye, Meng’s team published research in Plant Cell in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Molecular dissection of early defense signaling underlying volatile-mediated defense regulation and herbivore resistance in rice》 were Ye, Meng; Glauser, Gaetan; Lou, Yonggen; Erb, Matthias; Hu, Lingfei. And the article was published in Plant Cell in 2019. Application In Synthesis of 1H-Indole The author mentioned the following in the article:

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles prime plant defenses and resistance, but how they are integrated into early defense signaling and whether a causal relationship exists between volatile defense priming and herbivore resistance is unclear. The impact of indole, a common herbivore-induced plant volatile and modulator of many physiol. processes in plants, bacteria, and animals, on early defense signaling and herbivore resistance in rice (Oryza sativa). Rice plants infested by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) caterpillars release indole at a rate of up to 25 ng*h-1. Exposure to equal doses of exogenous indole enhances rice resistance to S. frugiperda. Screening of early signaling components revealed that indole pre-exposure directly enhances the expression of the leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase OsLRR-RLK1. Pre-exposure to indole followed by simulated herbivory increases (i.e. primes) the transcription, accumulation, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK3 and the expression of the downstream WRKY transcription factor gene OsWRKY70 as well as several jasmonate biosynthesis genes, resulting in higher jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation. Anal. of transgenic plants defective in early signaling showed that OsMPK3 is required and that OsMPK6 and OsWRKY70 contribute to indole-mediated defense priming of JA-dependent herbivore resistance. Therefore, herbivore-induced plant volatiles increase plant resistance to herbivores by pos. regulating early defense signaling components. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Application In Synthesis of 1H-Indole)

Rivaroli, D.’s team published research in Animal in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Tannin-rich sainfoin pellet supplementation reduces fat volatile indoles content and delays digestive parasitism in lambs grazing alfalfa》 were Rivaroli, D.; Prunier, A.; Meteau, K.; do Prado, I. N.; Prache, S.. And the article was published in Animal in 2019. SDS of cas: 120-72-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Lambs grazing alfalfa or white clover are prone to flavor taint which can be an impediment to consumer acceptance. Here we investigated whether condensed tannin (CT)-rich sainfoin pellet supplementation of lambs grazing alfalfa influences meat sensory quality. Using three groups of 18 male Romane weaned lambs, we compared three feeding regimes: alfalfa grazing (AF), alfalfa grazing + daily supplementation with CT-rich sainfoin pellets (15 g dry matter (DM)/kg live weight, AS) and stall feeding with concentrate and grass hay indoors (SI). We also investigated the potential interest of sainfoin pellet supplementation for controlling digestive parasitism. The sainfoin pellets contained 42 g of CT/kg of DM and they represented on average 36% of the diet in AS lambs. Skatole and indole were detected in most of the AF and AS lambs, whereas in very few SI lambs. Skatole and indole concentrations in perirenal and dorsal fat were lower in the AS lambs than the AF lambs (P < 0.025 to P < 0.001), but the intensity of 'animal' odor and 'animal' flavor of the chops did not differ between both forage-grazing groups. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle lightness was lower in the AF and AS lambs than the SI lambs (P < 0.001) with the other muscle color coordinates being unaffected by the treatment and between-treatment group differences in muscle color coordinates remaining constant throughout the 9-day display period. S.c. fat color coordinates were not influenced by the treatment. The number of individual anthelmintic drenches necessary to keep nematode faecal egg count below a threshold of 550 eggs/g of faeces was lower in the AS than the AF lambs (0.94 per lamb v. 1.63 per lamb; P < 0.001). Faecal oocyst count was lower in the AS than the AF lambs for the first measurement made 56 days after the beginning of the experiment (P < 0.001) and was not significantly different between both forage-grazing groups thereafter. The use of CT-rich sainfoin pellets to supplement lambs that are concurrently grazing alfalfa reduced fat volatile skatole and indole concentrations and delayed the onset of both helminth and coccidian infections. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9SDS of cas: 120-72-9)

Jiang, Xingmao’s team published research in Fuel in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Extractive removal of both basic and non-basic nitrogens from fuel oil by dicarboxyl-modified polyethylene glycol: Performance and mechanism》 were Jiang, Xingmao; Zhu, Shuang; Gao, Jiajun; Yu, Yaqian; Xiong, Chunyan; Li, Chunxi; Yang, Weimin. And the article was published in Fuel in 2019. Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole The author mentioned the following in the article:

Polyethylene glycol [PEG, H(OCH2CH2)nOH] like PEG-600, a green extractant for organic N-compounds in fuel oil, was very active for non-basic nitrogens but not effective for basic ones. Modification of PEG that replaced -OH group with -OCH2COOH group can produce HOOCCH2(OCH2CH2)nOCH2COOH (dcPEG). For denitrogenation, dcPEG-600 was highly effective for both basic and non-basic nitrogens. N-distribution coefficient [DN, (μgN·g-1dcPEG)/(μgN·g-1oil)] of dcPEG-600 to n-octane can reach as high as 200 for indole, 92.6 for pyrrole, 42.0 for quinoline, and 81.5 for pyridine, resp. Besides, denitrogenation selectivity of dcPEG-600 to toluene (DN/Dtoluene) can amount to 462 for indole, 230 for pyrrole, 146 for quinoline, and 366 for pyridine, resp. The high performance was ascribed to contribution of active O atom on ether group and active H atom on -COOH group. The active O atom (Lewis basic site) formed H-bond with the non-basic nitrogen (Bronsted acid). The active H atom (Bronsted acidic site) not only interacted with the basic one (Lewis base) but also brought in the good selectivity. Moreover, dcPEG-600 was still effective for real oil and could be recycled for several times without the denitrogenation performance significantly decreasing.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole) was used in this study.

Kumar, Aman’s team published research in mBio in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Indole signaling at the host-microbiota-pathogen interface》 were Kumar, Aman; Sperandio, Vanessa. And the article was published in mBio in 2019. Recommanded Product: 120-72-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Microbial establishment within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract requires surveillance of the gut biogeog. The gut microbiota coordinates behaviors by sensing host- or microbiota-derived signals. Here we show for the first time that microbiota-derived indole is highly prevalent in the lumen compared to the intestinal tissue. This difference in indole concentration plays a key role in modulating virulence gene expression of the enteric pathogens enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium. Indole decreases expression of genes within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which is essential for these pathogens to form attaching and effacing (AE) lesions on enterocytes. We synthetically altered the concentration of indole in the GI tracts of mice by employing mice treated with antibiotics to deplete the microbiota and reconstituted with indole-producing commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) or a B. theta ΔtnaA mutant (does not produce indole) or by engineering an indole-producing C. rodentium strain. This allowed us to assess the role of self-produced vs. microbiota-produced indole, and the results show that decreased indole concentrations promote bacterial pathogenesis, while increased levels of indole decrease bacterial virulence gene expression. Moreover, we identified the bacterial membrane-bound histidine sensor kinase (HK) CpxA as an indole sensor. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Recommanded Product: 120-72-9)

Dong, Fangcong’s team published research in Gut Microbes in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

《Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity》 was written by Dong, Fangcong; Hao, Fuhua; Murray, Iain A.; Smith, Philip B.; Koo, Imhoi; Tindall, Alyssa M.; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; Gowda, Krishne; Amin, Shantu G.; Patterson, Andrew D.; Perdew, Gary H.. Application In Synthesis of 1H-Indole And the article was included in Gut Microbes in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Commensal microbiota-dependent tryptophan catabolism within the gastrointestinal tract is known to exert profound effects upon host physiol., including the maintenance of epithelial barrier and immune function. Using GC/MS and LC/MS platforms, quantification of these novel AHR activators, along with previously established AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites, was achieved, providing a relative order of abundance. Using physiol. relevant concentrations and quant. gene expression analyses, the relative efficacy of these tryptophan metabolites with regard to mouse or human AHR activation potential is examined These data reveal indole, 2-oxindole, indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid as the dominant AHR activators in mouse cecal contents and human stool from participants on a controlled diet. Here we provide the first documentation of the relative abundance and AHR activation potential of a panel of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, these data reveal the human AHR to be more sensitive, at physiol. relevant concentrations, to tryptophan metabolite activation than mouse AHR. Addnl., correlation analyses indicate a relationship linking major tryptophan metabolite abundance with AHR activity, suggesting these cecal/fecal metabolites represent biomarkers of intestinal AHR activity.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Application In Synthesis of 1H-Indole) was used in this study.

Liu, Xuelei’s team published research in Organic Letters in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Halogen Bond-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Using a Bidentate Halogen Bond Donor Catalyst: Synthesis of Symmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes》 were Liu, Xuelei; Ma, Shuang; Toy, Patrick H.. And the article was published in Organic Letters in 2019. SDS of cas: 120-72-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The use of a halogen bond donor to catalyze Friedel-Crafts reactions of indoles with a range of aldehydes and ketones to directly produce bis(indolyl)methanes, including the natural products arsindoline A, arundine, trisindoline, and vibrindole A, is reported. The bidentate catalyst used in these reactions proved to be more effective than a monondentate analog, a thiourea commonly used as an organocatalyst, and even a trityl cation that has been used previously in the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9SDS of cas: 120-72-9) was used in this study.