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Inspired by the strong chemical adhesion of mussels, the polymerization of dopamine was first introduced to coat energetic organic crystals through a simple immersion method. 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) was used as substrate. In-depth characterizations confirmed a compact core-shell formation with a dense graphite-like structure PDA on every HMX crystal. The phase transition temperature of the crystals (beta phase ? delta phase) was improved by 27.5 C for HMX enabled in 0.5 wt% PDA. In situ XRD showed that 94.8% of beta-HMX was transformed to delta-HMX, whereas only 14.7% of beta-HMX was transformed in HMX with 2.1% PDA at 210 C. The heated HMX/PDA crystals (210 C, 30 min) retained primary morphology, with intact PDA shell, demonstrating the excellent ability of PDA to prevent thermal damage in energetic crystals. The impact sensitivities of HMX and HMX/PDA were tested by Bundesanstalt fuer Materialpruefung (BAM) method. No difference between HMX (impact energy: 5.0 J) and HMX/PDA (5.0 J) at room temperature was attributed to the rigid PDA shell, which was benefit for phase transition, but inefficient for reducing sensitivity. After being heated at 200 C for 30 min, the impact energy of HMX showed a dramatically drop (2.0 J), while that of HMX/PDA unchanged (5.0 J), indicating the increased sensitivity of HMX after thermal damage, and retardation of phase transition is benefit for the safety of polymorph explosives. This work demonstrates the successful application of dopamine chemistry to energetic materials, thereby providing a potential method for the modification of energetic crystals.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Melanin pigment synthesized by microorganisms during hydroxylation and polymerization of organic compounds, was an attractive choice for commercial scale production. In this study, optimization parameters of certain environmental conditions (incubation periods, pH, temperature and shaking speed) and certain nutritional requirements ( carbon, nitrogen, metals and amino acids sources) that influencing melanin production by Aspergillus oryzae were performed. Also, the effects of different surfactants and some L-tyrosine natural sources on melanin production were studied. To economize melanin production, cheaper waste sources, such as banana peel at 2%, were used as carbon source , 5% yeast extract as a nitrogen source, (0.2mM) copper sulphate as activated metal, 0.1% L-methionine, 0.1% Tween 80 as a surfactant and contained, in g/l: K2HPO4 2.5, CaCl2 H2O 0.5, MgSO4.7H2O 1.0, in addition to 0.1% L-tyrosine. Highly significant melanin (9.083 mg/ml) yield with tyrosinase activity (568 U/ml) was reached at optimization conditions. The stimulated eco-friendly synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the characterized melanin as reducing agent using radio lytic reactions of gamma radiation(10 kGy), demonstrate the metal interacting nature of pigment.The melanin incorporation into AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible, dynamic light scattering (DLS), FT-IR and XRD spectrophotometers. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis revealed morphology of well dispersed spherical AgNPs with mean diameter of 20.74 nm. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial activity against some pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, also anti candida, that can find potential applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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The fungal pathways of melanin synthesis have so far been little considered as a source of bio-inspiration in the field of functional materials, despite the interesting properties exhibited by Ascomycetes melanins from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN), including the ability to shield organisms from ionizing radiation. Herein, the processing techniques and characterizations of mycomelanin thin films obtained from the solid state polymerization of 1,8-DHN is reported for the first time. Overall, the results highlighted the role of synthetic mycomelanin thin films as a prototype of next generation bioinspired interfaces featuring high structural regularity and ultrasmooth morphology, high robustness against peroxidative bleaching and adhesion under water conditions, good biocompatibility and unprecedented effects in inducing the spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem cells prevalently towards the endodermal lineages in the absence of added factors. These data open up new avenues towards the applications of this biomaterial in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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We introduce the high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI MS) structural elucidation of polymerized 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) carrying 1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-Amide groups in the side chain. Critically, our powerful ESI MS platform unambiguously revealed the structurally diverse character of this multifunctional bio-Adhesive polymer system.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, COA of Formula: C8H7NO2, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 3131-52-0

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Parkinson?s disease is associated with an increased risk of melanoma (and vice versa). Several hypotheses underline this link, such as pathways affecting both melanin and neuromelanin. For the first time, the fluorescence of melanin and neuromelanin is selectively accessible using a new method of nonlinear spectroscopy, based on a stepwise two-photon excitation. Cutaneous pigmentation and postmortem neuromelanin of Parkinson patients were characterized by fluorescence spectra and compared with controls. Spectral differences could not be documented, implying that there is neither a Parkinson fingerprint in cutaneous melanin spectra nor a melanin-associated fingerprint indicating an increased melanoma risk. Our measurements suggest that Parkinson?s disease occurs without a configuration change of neuromelanin. However, Parkinson patients displayed the same dermatofluorescence spectroscopic fingerprint of a local malignant transformation as controls. This is the first comparative retrospective fluorescence analysis of cutaneous melanin and postmortem neuromelanin based on nonlinear spectroscopy in patients with Parkinson?s disease and controls, and this method is a very suitable diagnostic tool for melanoma screening and early detection in Parkinson patients. Our results suggest a non-pigmentary pathway as the main link between Parkinson?s disease and melanoma, and they do not rule out the melanocortin-1-receptor gene as an additional bridge between both diseases.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Currently, the development of safe and sustainable energy-storage systems is being pursued due to their large-scale production and widespread utilization. Harnessing the electroactive materials derived from biomass could pave a way to fabricate next-generation, environmental friendly and biocompatible energy-storage devices. In this Research News, recent progress in the field of renewable-biomolecules-based electrochemical energy-storage materials is highlighted. Specifically, the biomolecules exploration, electrode fabrication and electrochemical charge-storage mechanism of such renewable-biomolecules-based energy-storage materials are discussed. Finally, the critical challenges associated with renewable-biomolecules-based electrode materials are presented, and insights into the future development of rechargeable energy-storage devices based on natural biomaterials are provided.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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According to the generally held view, the biosynthesis of melanins, the major determinants of skin colour differences in man, involves ultimately the oxidative polymerisation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (1) promoted by the enzyme tyrosinase.We have now found that such a process is brought about more efficiently by the peroxidase/H2O2 system at physiological pHs, under which conditions the oxidation reaction leads in the early stages to a distinct pattern of oligomer products.These were isolated after acetylation and identified as the tetraacetoxybiindolyls 2 and 3 and the related trimers 4 and 5.The observed mode of polymerisation of 1 seemingly involves the attack of the nucleophilic 2-position of the indole to the electron deficient C-4 and C-7 sites of 5,6-indolequinone arising from further oxidation or disproportionation of peroxidase generated phenoxyl radicals.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of natural mussels, polydopamine (PDA) has been widely studied and applied in hydrogels due to its good adhesion to various materials. In this work, a double-layer hydrogel constituted of an adhesive layer and a tough layer was successfully prepared via in-situ polymerization. Adding polystyrene particles into the tough layer could improve the mechanical properties, and the adhesion of various substrates could be achieved with PDA nanoparticles in the adhesive layer. Furthermore, lithium chloride was introduced into the tough layer to endow the bilayer hydrogels with electrical conductivity. Due to the hydrophobic association in the tough layer and hydrogen bond in the adhesive layer, the double-layer hydrogel exhibits self-healing properties. In addition, the NIR light response property of PDA was beneficial to self-healing properties. As a result, it has proved that the prepared bilayer hydrogel has excellent conductivity, toughness (0.18 MPa), adhesion and self-healing properties, which is an ideal flexible wearable strain sensor with high sensitivity and good repeatability, suitable for human motion signal detection.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Melanization, an important defense response, plays a vital role in arthropod immunity. It is mediated by serine proteases (SPs) that convert the inactive prophenoloxidase (PPO) to active phenoloxidase (PO) and is tightly regulated by serine protease inhibitors (serpins) which belong to a well distributed superfamily in invertebrates, participating in immune mechanisms and other important physiological processes. Here, we investigated the Bmserpin2 gene which was identified from a transcriptome database in response to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that Bmserpin2 was expressed in all tissues, with maximum expression in fat body. Upon BmNPV infection, the expression of Bmserpin2 was up-regulated in P50 (susceptible strain) and BC9 (resistant strain) in haemocytes, fat body and the midgut. However, up-regulation was delayed in BC9 (48 or 72 h), in contrast to P50 (24 h), after BmNPV infection. Meanwhile, Bmserpin2 could delay or inhibit melanization in silkworm haemolymph. Significant increased PO activity can be observed in Bmserpin2-depleted haemolymph under NPV infection. Furthermore, the viral genomic DNA copy number was decreased in Bmserpin2-depleted haemolymph. We conclude that Bmserpin2 is an inducible gene which might be involved in the regulation of PPO activation and suppressed melanization, and have a potential role in the innate immune system of B. mori.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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The invention relates to a product in powder form consisting of organic or inorganic particles having a lamellar structure, having a size of less than 50 microns and containing at least one synthetic melanotic pigment formed in situ by oxidation of an indole compound, and to its use for the protection of the human epidermis, in make-up products and for dyeing hair.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles