60096-23-3 | - Indole Building Blocks

Lee, C. I.’s team published research in HortScience in 1977 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3) is auxin-family plant hormone, and is thought to be a precursor of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) the most abundant and the basic auxin natively occurring and functioning in plants. IAA generates the majority of auxin effects in intact plants, and is the most potent native auxin.SDS of cas: 60096-23-3

《Promotion of rooting in stem cuttings of several ornamental plants by pretreatment with acid or base》 was published in HortScience in 1977. These research results belong to Lee, C. I.; Paul, J. L.; Hackett, W. P.. SDS of cas: 60096-23-3 The article mentions the following:

Rooting of stem cuttings of Bougainvillea cv. San Diego Red, Ceratonia siliqua, Chrysanthemum morifolium cvs. Golden Anne and Mandalay, Euonymus japonica, cv. Yellow Edge, Euphorbia pulcherrima cv. Eckspoint C-1 Red, Hedera helix, Trachelospermum jasminoides, Juglans hindsii, Pistacia chinensis, and Salix laevigata was greatly promoted by basal dipping in 2N H2SO4 prior to applying 3000 ppm IBA K salt (I K salt) [60096-23-3]. Pretreatment with NaOH (pH 10.5) resulted in considerable increase of rooting of cuttings of Rhododendron cv. Sweetheart Supreme, Bougainvillea, Liquidambar styraciflua, Osmanthus heterophyllus cv. Ilicifolius, and Pinus radiataa. In the experiment, the researchers used Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3SDS of cas: 60096-23-3)

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Kelly, R. J.’s team published research in HortScience in 1983 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Kelly, R. J.; Moser, B. C. published their research in HortScience on December 31 ,1983. The article was titled 《Influence of temperature and auxin on root regeneration by seedlings of Liriodendron tulipifera L》.Name: Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate The article contains the following contents:

Root regeneration and shoot growth of seedlings of L. tulipifera (tulip tree) increased as temperature of either the soil or aerial growing environment increased from 10° to 21°. IBA K salt [60096-23-3] applied to the tap roots at 1000 mg/L, increased root regeneration and shoot growth when both air and soil temperatures were at 15.5° or 21°. When air temperature was maintained at 21° and soil temperature was varied from 10° to 21°, root regeneration and shoot growth increased as soil temperature increased. IBA increased root regeneration only when soil temperature was 21°. In the experiment, the researchers used Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3Name: Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate)

Ault, James R.’s team published research in HortScience in 1996 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Ault, James R. published their research in HortScience on December 31 ,1996. The article was titled 《In vitro rooting and greenhouse acclimatization of Veltheimia bracteata and V. capensis shoots》.COA of Formula: C12H12KNO2 The article contains the following contents:

Shoot initiation and multiplication were obtained in vitro from immature flower bud and leaf explants of Veltheimia bracteata Bak. ‘Lemon Flame’ and from leaf explants of V. bracteata ‘Rosalba’ cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with sucrose at 30 g·L-1, and either 8.87 μM BA plus 0.54 μM NAA or 8.87 μM BA plus 5.40 μM NAA. Shoot initiation and multiplication was obtained from a single leaf explant of Veltheimia capensis (L.) DC. on MS medium with 8.87 μM BA plus 0.54 μM NAA. Shoots of the three genotypes rooted on subculture to medium with 0.0, 4.14, or 8.29 μM K-IBA or 0.0, 4.46, or 8.92 μM K-NAA. Maximal rooting was 98% for V. bracteata ‘Lemon Flame’, 95% for V. bracteata ‘Rosalba’, and 98% for V. capensis, from medium with 4.46 μM K-NAA. Rooted shoots were acclimatized for 3 to 4 wk. Overall survival percentage was 69% for V. bracteata ‘Lemon Flame’, 65% for V. bracteata ‘Rosalba’, and 83% for V. capensis.Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3COA of Formula: C12H12KNO2) was used in this study.

Keeley, Kathryn’s team published research in HortScience in 2003 | CAS: 60096-23-3

《Increased rooting of ‘Norton’ grape cuttings using auxins and gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors》 was written by Keeley, Kathryn; Preece, John E.; Taylor, Bradley H.. Application of 60096-23-3 And the article was included in HortScience on April 30 ,2003. The article conveys some information:

Hardwood and softwood cuttings of Vitis aestivalis Michx. ‘Norton’ were rooted under intermittent mist in a series of experiments using cuttings collected from two local vineyards. Hardwood cuttings treated in late Mar. responded in a similar manner to KIBA and KNAA. Although there was little increase in the percentage rooting above 22.29 mM KIBA or 20.72 mM KNAA (5000 mg·L-1 of either auxin), root number (but not root length) increased linearly on cuttings treated with up to 44.58 mM KIBA or 41.44 mM KNAA (10000 mg·L-1 auxin). Cuttings treated with 10000 mg·L-1 auxin produced up to 4 times more roots than the nontreated controls. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors CCC and PAC had little effect on either hardwood cuttings or softwood cuttings that were harvested, treated and placed in the propagation bench in June. However, when softwood cuttings were collected in August, the most roots were found on cuttings treated with 50.6 mM CCC or 0.85 μm PAC. Although all hardwood cuttings were collected at the same time and stored under refrigerated conditions, rooting percentage increased as storage time increased, especially on the nontreated control cuttings. When the cuttings were stored for the longest time (six weeks), KIBA no longer caused more roots per cutting. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3Application of 60096-23-3)

King, Andrew R.’s team published research in HortScience in 2011 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Category: indole-building-blockOn October 31, 2011 ,《Substrates, wounding, and growth regulator concentrations alter adventitious rooting of baldcypress cuttings》 appeared in HortScience. The author of the article were King, Andrew R.; Arnold, Michael A.; Welsh, Douglas F.; Watson, W. Todd. The article conveys some information:

In previous studies, baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.] clones were selected for tolerance to high pH soils, drought and salt exposures, and ornamental characteristics. The objective of the current research was to determine the treatment combinations that yielded optimum root quantity (percentage) and rooted cutting quality (root number, length, dry mass, and shoot dry mass) on vegetative cuttings for a representative clone. Cuttings were treated with factorial combinations of one of four potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) concentrations 40, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 mg·L-1 (0, 20.72, 41.44, 62.16 mM, resp.), wounded or not wounded (1-cm long basal incision), and rooted in one of three substrates (100% perlite, 100% peatmoss, or 50% perlite:50% peatmoss). Data indicated a tradeoff between potential rooting quantity and root quality measurements in response to different substrates. Although rooting percentages were affected by substrates only at P ≤ 0.10 (53% in 100% perlite vs. 36% in 100% peatmoss), there were highly significant (P ≤ 0.0001) differences in rooted cutting potential among substrates as measured by the percentage of cuttings with basal callus. Cuttings placed in 100% perlite callused at 85%, whereas cuttings placed in 100% peatmoss callused at ≈53%. The 100% peatmoss treatment, however, yielded cuttings with significantly greater root quality for all measurements, except root number per cutting. Wounding cuttings proved to have deleterious effects on root quality measurements. Total root length was ≈14.5 cm for non-wounded cuttings and ≈10.8 cm for wounded cuttings. Increasing K-IBA concentrations did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affect rooting or callus percentages but did significantly affect root dry mass, total root length, and average root length per cutting. Total root length increased from 10.8 cm at 0 mg·L-1 K-IBA to 16 cm at 15,000 mg·L-1 K-IBA. Mean root number per cutting increased from ≈1.6 with wounded cuttings planted in 100% peatmoss to ≈3.1 with non-wounded cuttings planted in 100% perlite. Results suggested that high-quality softwood baldcypress cuttings should not be wounded, should be treated with 15,000 mg·L-1 K-IBA, and grown in a substrate with intermediate water-holding capacity to achieve an acceptable balance between rooting percentage and rooted cutting quality objectives. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3Category: indole-building-block)

Ghosh, B.’s team published research in Biologia Plantarum in 1994 | CAS: 60096-23-3

《Micropropagation of Asparagus cooperi as affected by growth regulators》 was published in Biologia Plantarum in 1994. These research results belong to Ghosh, B.; Sen, S.. Application of 60096-23-3 The article mentions the following:

For clonal propagation of Asparagus cooperi, shoot tips and node explants of 7, 20 and 35 d old spears from the region within 10 cm and below 25 cm from the apex were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The required concentration of BAP varied in explants of different ages and types. In shoot tip culture, the rate of shoot multiplication was higher after 40 d than 60 d of culture. The maximum number (62 – 65) of shoots were obtained from shoot tip explants of 20 d old spears in the medium containing 2.0 mg dm-3 of BAP, 80 mg dm-3 of adenine and 0.02 mg dm-3 of α-naphthalene acetic acid after 60 d of culture. From node cultures, high number of shoots were obtained after 30 d. Pretreatment with BAP in liquid medium for 48 h was effective for semirejuvenescence. The individual shoots produced roots in presence of indole-3-butyric acid and also in potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid, the later being more effective. All regenerants were cytol. stable. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3Application of 60096-23-3)

Couvillon, G. A.’s team published research in HortScience in 1980 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Couvillon, G. A.; Erez, A. published their research in HortScience on February 29 ,1980. The article was titled 《Rooting, survival, and development of several peach cultivars propagated from semihardwood cuttings》.SDS of cas: 60096-23-3 The article contains the following contents:

Semi-hardwood cuttings of 13 cultivars of peach (Prunus persica) collected in 2 locations were successfully rooted and transplanted to the field. Rooting was increased by IBA K salt [60096-23-3] (1500-3500 mg/L). The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3SDS of cas: 60096-23-3)

Yu, Minglong’s team published research in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation | CAS: 60096-23-3

The author of 《Plant Growth Regulators Enhance Saline-Alkali Tolerance by Upregulating the Levels of Antioxidants and Osmolytes in Soybean Seedlings》 were Yu, Minglong; Wu, Qiong; Zheng, Dianfeng; Feng, Naijie; Liang, Xilong; Liu, Meiling; Li, Yao; Mou, Baomin. And the article was published in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation in . Synthetic Route of C12H12KNO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Soil salinization has become a global problem and seriously endangers crop growth and yield improvement. In the present study, soybean (Hefeng 50) seedlings were used as test materials to study the mitigation effect of foliar spraying of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) [50 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt (IBAK), 50 mg L-1 chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), 2 mg L-1 abscisic acid (ABA), 30 mg L-1 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), and 1.2 mg L-1 brassinolide (BR)] on oxidative stress caused by the mixed Saline-Alkali concentration of 110 mmol L-1. The results showed that the application of PGRs promoted the growth of Saline-Alkali stressed plants, where the maximum increase in shoot FW was treated with COS, and in root FW, root length, root surface area, and root volume were obtained with the IBAK treatment. Treatments ABA, ALA, and BR had higher net photosynthetic rates, and the chlorophyll content was considerably increased under COS and BR treatments compared with Saline-Alkali treatment. Moreover, PGRs markedly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch, and the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG, but reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide radical (O2·-) in soybean seedlings compared with Saline-Alkali treatment. The principal component anal. revealed that the ranking of PGRs enhancing Saline-Alkali tolerance of soybean seedlings was BR > IBAK > ABA > COS > ALA, and the most effective treatment was BR, which may be assigned to more vigorous antioxidant defense and osmotic adjustment. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3Synthetic Route of C12H12KNO2)

Metaxas, Demetrios J.’s team published research in Plant Growth Regulation in 2004 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Application In Synthesis of Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoateOn November 30, 2004 ,《Peroxidases during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Arbutus unedo and Taxus baccata as affected by plant genotype and growth regulator treatment》 appeared in Plant Growth Regulation. The author of the article were Metaxas, Demetrios J.; Syros, Thomas D.; Yupsanis, Traianos; Economou, Athanasios S.. The article conveys some information:

Cuttings of Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree) and Taxus baccata (yew) were treated with 8.0 and 10.0 g l-1, resp., of KIBA, IBA, IAA, NAA and Paclobutrazol. No rooting occurred without growth regulator treatment. The effect of growth regulators on percentage of rooting followed the order KIBA > IBA > IAA = NAA = Paclobutrazol = 0% (for A. unedo) and KIBA > IBA > IAA > NAA > Paclobutrazol = 0% (for T. baccata). Genotypes of the above plant species had significant effects on the number and length of roots, percentage of rooting and peroxidase specific activity (PA) on KIBA-treated cuttings. High PA seems to be related with low percentage of rooting in the case of A. unedo cuttings while no similar results were noticed in the case of T. baccata. Electrophoretic anal. revealed the appearance of two to three anionic and one cationic peroxidase isoforms in A. unedo cuttings, while six to nine anionic and no cationic peroxidases isoforms appeared in the case of T. baccata genotypes. During adventitious rooting, the PA showed the three interdependent phases (induction, initiation, expression) in both K-IBA treated cuttings of A. unedo and T. baccata, but in a different time course. In addition to this study using Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate, there are many other studies that have used Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3Application In Synthesis of Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate) was used in this study.

Raup, Annie’s team published research in Journal of Environmental Horticulture in 2012 | CAS: 60096-23-3

Raup, Annie; Taylor, Matthew D. published their research in Journal of Environmental Horticulture on December 31 ,2012. The article was titled 《Cutting type and auxin treatment affect rooting of Cupressus cashmeriana》.HPLC of Formula: 60096-23-3 The article contains the following contents:

Cupressus cashmeriana is an ornamental evergreen conifer with little published information on vegetative propagation. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cutting type and auxin concentration and form on adventitious rooting. Experiment 1 evaluated three cutting treatments (softwood, hardwood, and mallet) and four auxin treatments consisting of 0, 2500, 5000, and 10000 ppm potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA). Experiment 2 evaluated the same cutting types as experiment 1 and auxin treatments consisted of 5000 ppm K-IBA, 5000 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2500 ppm K-IBA in combination with 2500 ppm NAA and zero auxin applied. In both experiments, rooting of softwood and hardwood cuttings was significantly higher than mallet cuttings. Treatment of cuttings with different rates and types of auxin lead to inconclusive results, which indicate auxin may not be beneficial for rooting of C. cashmeriana. This research suggests that the age of plant material is one of the most significant factors for successful rooting C. cashmeriana. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Potassium 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate(cas: 60096-23-3HPLC of Formula: 60096-23-3)