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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has recently been identified as a potential target of Norathyriol. Unfortunately, Norathyriol is not a potent PTP1B inhibitor, which somewhat hinders its further application. Based on the fact that no study on the relationship of chemical structure and PTP1B inhibitory activity of Norathyriol has been reported so far, we attempted to perform structural optimization so as to improve the potency for PTP1B. Via structure-based drug design (SBDD), a rational strategy based on the binding mode of Norathyriol to PTP1B, we designed 26 derivatives with substitutions at the four phenolic hydroxyl groups of Norathyriol. By chemical synthesis and in vitro bioassay, we identified seven PTP1B inhibitors that were more potent than Norathyriol, of which XWJ24 showed the highest potency (IC50: 0.6 muM). We also found out that XWJ24 was a competitive inhibitor and showed the 4.5-fold selectivity over its close homolog, TC-PTP. Through molecular docking of XWJ24 against PTP1B, we highlighted the essential role of its hydrogen bond with Asp181 for PTP1B inhibition and identified a potential halogen bond with Asp48 that was not observed for Norathyriol. The current data indicate that our SBDD strategy is effective to discover potent PTP1B-targeted Norathyriol derivatives, and XWJ24 is a promising lead compound for further development.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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The development of polyphenols as drugs for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) is thwarted by their meagre brain availability due to instability and poor druglikeness. Here we describe the successful development of stable, druglike polyphenolic analogues of the current AD drug rivastigmine, that have high apparent blood-brain barrier permeabilities and multifunctional properties for AD treatment. The compounds inhibit cholinesterases and amyloid beta (Abeta) fibrillation, protect against Abeta42-induced toxicity in vitro, and demonstrate efficacy in vivo in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing Abeta42, with potencies similar to rivastigmine and natural polyphenols. The results suggest that a tertiary amine substituent is amenable for developing water-soluble, membrane-permeable polyphenols, and its incorporation adjacent to a hydroxy group is favourable for intramolecular hydrogen bonding that facilitates membrane permeability. Carbamylation of one hydroxy group protects the polyphenols from degradation and mostly improves their membrane permeability. These design strategies may assist in the development of polyphenol-based drugs.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 876-72-2, molcular formula is C9H6ClNO, introducing its new discovery. Application In Synthesis of 4-Chloroindole-3-carbaldehyde

Sixteen aminostigmine derivatives containing various substituents at the nitrogen atom of the carbamoyl group have been prepared, and their anticholine esterase activity in vitro, ionization constants, hydrophobicity, and toxicity have been determined.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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(Chemical Equation Presented) A straightforward chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure rivastigmine has been efficiently carried out under mild reaction conditions, with Candida antarctica lipase B responsible for the stereoselective acetylation of the corresponding (R)-alcohol or amine. An exhaustive enzymatic study has been developed exploring the possibilities of carry out enzyme recycling, scaling up the enzymatic process and development of a dynamic kinetic resolution procedure for the production of adequate enantiomerically pure precursors of rivastigmine. Total chemoenzymatic synthesis of this pharmaceutical has been performed in good overall yield from commercially available 3-methoxyacetophenone.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Background: The bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BET), in particular BRD4, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of many human disorders such as cancer, inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular disease, which draw more and more attention to discover potent BRD4 inhibitors in the past years. In this article, we described the discovery process of an entirely new chemotype of BRD4 inhibitors. Methods: A fragment-based drug discovery strategy was employed in attempting to find a novel chemotype of BRD4 inhibitors. Thus, the potential hits were firstly identified by docking study with KAc binding pocket and AlphaScreen assay. Then the elected hit was further structurally optimized based on the interaction revealed by the docking study and the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR). Results: A 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one fragment was first identified as an efficient hit to BRD4 with a weak inhibition activity and high ligand efficiency (IC50 = 8.9 muM?LE > 0.5) based on virtual screening and biochemical assay. Then, two-rounds optimization of the hit by a fragment-based drug discovery approach enabled the discovery of a potent BRD4 inhibitor 9, which exhibit nanomolar potency in biochemical assays (IC50 = 0.18 muM). Conclusion: The title compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity to BRD4, implying acetophenone core is an effective KAc residue mimic, suggesting acetophenone derivatives as a new chemotype may be promising for developing novel BRD4 inhibitors. 9.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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An increase activity of butyrylcholinesterase is believed to contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Bambuterol is a known potent inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase, but it has undesired cardiac effects and less lipophilicity. Thirteen bambuterol analogues were synthesized using 1-(3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanone as a starting material. In-vitro cholinesterase assay established that the majority of the compounds are specific butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Out of the 13 compounds, two bambuterol derivatives, BD-6 and BD-11 exhibited similar efficacies in inhibiting butyrylcholinesterase with fewer effects on heart and enhanced possibilities of permeating through the blood-brain barrier as compared to bambuterol. These bambuterol analogues may provide better alternatives for treatments of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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The invention discloses a andrographolide compound, preparation method thereof, and the application of the pharmaceutical composition. The invention of andrographolide compound (I), an isomer, prodrug, solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt has the following structure. The invention of andrographolide compound has good in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, the inflammatory diseases including but not limited to possible by bacteria, virus and the like caused by the pathogens, or by autoimmune created a number of inflammatory diseases. (by machine translation)

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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The invention discloses a method for preparing Rivastigmine citrate, said method is to meta-hydroxy acetophenone, methyl ethyl carbamic chloride as the raw material in the isotope energy level transitions, alternately high and low frequency ultrasonic and microwave radiation conditions by condensation, CBS asymmetric hydrogenation reduction, acylated chemical synthesis reaction to obtain the free compound Rivastigmine, finally with anhydrous citric acid into the citrate salt to get Rivastigmine, the synthetic preparation process has high yield, purity of the product is high, few by-products, the process is simple, low cost, and can provide a target the purity of the product, and is favorable to the great production of industrialization. (by machine translation)

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Introduction of (S)-configuration is the key step in the synthesis of the anti-dementia drug Rivastigmine. Twenty-one alkylation products were obtained through simple washing with hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v: 10/1) in good yields (>85%) and high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr). Moreover, the chiral auxiliary could be easily dissociated and readily regenerated. That is, the synthesis was proved to follow group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry/technology. In addition, the chiral amine produced by this asymmetric alkylation reaction was effectively used in the synthesis of Rivastigmine.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

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Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 876-72-2, molcular formula is C9H6ClNO, introducing its new discovery. Formula: C9H6ClNO

Tetrandrine is a dibenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania tetrandra, with anti-tumor activity. Our previous study identified several derivatives of tetrandrine showing better activities than parental compound against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. To increase diversity and cytotoxic activities of the original compound, a series of novel 14-urea-tetrandrine derivatives were synthesized through structural modification of tetrandrine. These derivaties demonstrated a moderate to strong anti-proliferative activities against human cell lines HEL and K562 (Leukemia), prostate (PC3), breast (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma (WM9). Compound 4g showed strongest cytotoxic effect against PC3 cells with IC50 value of 0.64 muM, which was 12-fold, 31-fold and 26-fold lower than the parental tetrandrine, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship study indicated that urea subsititution was the key pharmacophore for the enhancement of their antitumor activities. Induction of apoprosis by 4g was associated with the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and inhibition of antiapoptosis proteins survivin as well as Bcl-2. Moreover, activation of caspases led to increase cleavage of PARP, which further accelerates apoptotic cell death. These results reveal that the compound 4g may be used as a potential anticancer drug candidate.

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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles