In 2019,Infection and Immunity included an article by Howard, Mondraya F.; Bina, X. Renee; Bina, James E.. COA of Formula: C8H7N. The article was titled 《Indole inhibits ToxR regulon expression in Vibrio cholerae》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:
Indole is a degradation product of tryptophan that functions as a signaling mol. in many bacteria. This includes Vibrio cholerae, where indole was shown to regulate biofilm and type VI secretion in nontoxigenic environmental isolates. Indole is also produced by toxigenic V. cholerae strains in the human intestine, but its significance in the host is unknown. We investigated the effects of indole on toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor during growth under virulence inducing conditions. The indole transcriptome was defined by RNA sequencing and showed widespread changes in the expression of genes involved in metabolism, biofilm production, and virulence factor production In contrast, genes involved in type VI secretion were not affected by indole. We subsequently found that indole repressed genes involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis, including the ToxR virulence regulon. Consistent with this, indole inhibited cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus production in a dosedependent manner. The effects of indole on virulence factor production and biofilm were linked to ToxR and the ToxR-dependent regulator LeuO. The expression of Y was increased by exogenous indole and linked to repression of the ToxR virulence regulon. This process was dependent on the ToxR periplasmic domain, suggesting that indole was a ToxR agonist. This conclusion was further supported by results showing that the ToxR periplasmic domain contributed to indole-mediated increased biofilm production Collectively, our results suggest that indole may be a niche-specific cue that can function as a ToxR agonist to modulate virulence gene expression and biofilm production in V. cholerae. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9COA of Formula: C8H7N)
1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.COA of Formula: C8H7N
Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles