I found the field of Veterinary Sciences very interesting. Saw the article Plasma histamine concentrations in horses administered sodium penicillin, guaifenesin-xylazine-ketamine and isoflurane with morphine or butorphanol published in 2021. SDS of cas: 100-51-6, Reprint Addresses Duke-Novakovski, T (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.. The CAS is 100-51-6. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Benzyl Alcohol
Objective Various drugs administered to horses undergoing surgical procedures can release histamine. Histamine concentrations were evaluated in horses prepared for surgery and administered butorphanol or morphine intraoperative infusions. Study design Prospective studies with one randomized. Animals A total of 44 client-owned horses. Methods In one study, anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine-diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin-xylazine-ketamine (GXK) during surgical preparation. For surgery, isoflurane was administered with intravenous (IV) morphine (group M: 0.15 mg kg(-1) and 0.1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1); 15 horses) or butorphanol (group B: 0.05 mg kg(-1) and 0.01 mg kg(-1) hour(-1); 15 horses). Histamine and morphine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before opioid injection (time 0), and after 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In a subsequent study, plasma histamine concentrations were measured in 14 horses before drug administration (baseline), 15 minutes after IV sodium penicillin and 15 minutes after starting GXK IV infusion. Statistical comparison was performed using ANOVA for repeated measures. Pearson correlation compared morphine and histamine concentrations. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation. Significance was assumed when p < 0.05. Results With histamine, differences occurred between baseline (3.2 +/- 2.4 ng mL(-1)) and GXK (5.2 +/- 7.1 ng mL(-1)) and between baseline and time 0 in group B (11.9 +/- 13.4 ng mL(-1)) and group M (11.1 +/- 12.4 ng mL(-1)). No differences occurred between baseline and after penicillin or between groups M and B. Morphine concentrations were higher at 1 minute following injection (8.1 +/- 5.1 ng mL(-1)) than at 30 minutes (4.9 +/- 3.1 ng mL(-1)) and 60 minutes (4.0 +/- 2.5 ng mL(-1)). Histamine correlated with morphine at 2, 30 and 60 minutes. Conclusions and clinical relevance GXK increased histamine concentration, but concentrations were similar with morphine and butorphanol. About Benzyl Alcohol, If you have any questions, you can contact Duke-Novakovski, T; Jimenez, CP; Fujiyama, M; Beazley, SG or concate me.. SDS of cas: 100-51-6
Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles