Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, Category: indole-building-block, 149647-78-9, Name is Vorinostat, SMILES is O=C(NO)CCCCCCC(NC1=CC=CC=C1)=O, belongs to indole-building-block compound. In a document, author is Angelica Mitton, Giulia, introduce the new discover.
Impacts of dietary supplementation with p-coumaric acid and indole-3-acetic acid on survival and biochemical response of honey bees treated with tau-fluvalinate
Pollinator populations are in decline worldwide. Multiple factors have been cited as potential causes to these declines. In honey bees, a combination of stressors is known to cause colony losses. Adequate nutrition is a key factor for honey bee growth and colony development. Several studies show that the nutritional quality of the diet is directly proportional to the ability of the bee to face challenges or stressors. We explored the effect of p-coumaric (600 mu M) and indole-3-acetic acid (2, 20 or 200 mu M) supplementation on the survival and activity of key detoxification enzymes of honey bees exposed to tau-fluvalinate. The dietary supplementation with p-coumaric and indole-3-acetic acids (20 mu M) enhanced the survival of bees exposed to tau-fluvalinate (approximately 20%). We also showed that dietary p-coumaric acid increased the levels of cytochrome P450 and glutathione reductase activity in bees treated with tau-fluvalinate, as well as in the untreated controls, while glutathione-S-transferase activity was lower in treated bees than in untreated. In bees fed with indole-3-acetic acid, cytochrome P450 showed increased levels, however, glutathione-S-transferase showed the lowest activity. Moreover, the results showed that supplementation with p-coumaric and indole-3-acetic acids did not alter acetyl cholinesterase activity, nor did treatment with tau-fluvalinate. Altogether, the enzymatic changes related to the detoxification mechanisms observed in bees that were fed with p-coumaric and indole-3-acetic acids could be responsible for the increased survival of bees treated with tau-fluvalinate compared to those that received a control diet. The results presented in this study, together with previous studies, provide evidence of the importance of dietary phytochemicals in the response of honey bees to pesticide exposure. Moreover, these results are the first report of the beneficial effect of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid on the survival of honey bees treated with tau-fluvalinate.
A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 149647-78-9. Category: indole-building-block.
Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from?Bacillus thuringiensis?and?Bacillus velezensis?and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles