Tag: 174.2

Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and its 31 catabolites in mouse tissues by polarity switching UHPLC-SRM-MS was written by Chen, Guan-yuan;Zhong, Wei;Zhou, Zhanxiang;Zhang, Qibin. And the article was included in Analytica Chimica Acta in 2018.Safety of Indole-3-acetamide This article mentions the following:

Tryptophan (TRP) and its catabolites have attracted a lot of attention because of their clin. significance to human health. Recently, microbiome-gut-brain axis has links to many diseases based on the imbalance of TRP catabolism. By using ultra-HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the authors present a rapid, robust and comprehensive method to determine 31 TRP catabolites covering three major pathways – kynurenic, serotonergic and bacterial degradation – within 5 min. Polarity switching was employed to analyze catabolites in both ionization modes simultaneously for greatly improved anal. throughput. The intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.5-15.8% and 1.5-16.7%, resp. Accuracy was 75.8-126.9%. The developed method was applied to study the tissue level of TRP catabolites in the liver, ileum, ileal contents, brain and plasma samples from 8 mice, and clear differences in the distribution of TRP catabolites were observed in different tissues. Ratios of key catabolites to TRP were used to evaluate the activities of specific enzyme and pathway in resp. tissues. This method has potential in high throughput anal. of TRP catabolites in biol. matrixes, which can facilitate understanding the influence of TRP catabolites on microbiome-gut-brain axis and on human health. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Safety of Indole-3-acetamide).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole exists overwhelmingly in the 1H-indole form as do other simple indoles. Moreover, it is known that it controls biofilm formation. However, the role of indole in the cell has not been fully elucidated.Safety of Indole-3-acetamide

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from聽Bacillus thuringiensis聽and聽Bacillus velezensis聽and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Endogenous indole-3-acetamide levels contribute to the crosstalk between auxin and abscisic acid, and trigger plant stress responses in Arabidopsis was written by Perez-Alonso, Marta-Marina;Ortiz-Garcia, Paloma;Moya-Cuevas, Jose;Lehmann, Thomas;Sanchez-Parra, Beatriz;Bjork, Robert G.;Karim, Sazzad;Amirjani, Mohammad R.;Aronsson, Henrik;Wilkinson, Mark D.;Pollmann, Stephan. And the article was included in Journal of Experimental Botany in 2021.Quality Control of Indole-3-acetamide This article mentions the following:

The evolutionary success of plants relies to a large extent on their extraordinary ability to adapt to changes in their environment. These adaptations require that plants balance their growth with their stress responses. Plant hormones are crucial mediators orchestrating the underlying adaptive processes. However, whether and how the growth-related hormone auxin and the stress-related hormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid (ABA) are coordinated remains largely elusive. Here, we analyze the physiol. role of AMIDASE 1 (AMI1) in Arabidopsis plant growth and its possible connection to plant adaptations to abiotic stresses. AMI1 contributes to cellular auxin homeostasis by catalyzing the conversion of indole-acetamide into the major plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid. Functional impairment of AMI1 increases the plant’s stress status rendering mutant plants more susceptible to abiotic stresses. Transcriptomic anal. of ami1 mutants disclosed the reprogramming of a considerable number of stress-related genes, including jasmonic acid and ABA biosynthesis genes. The ami1 mutants exhibit only moderately repressed growth but an enhanced ABA accumulation, which suggests a role for AMI1 in the crosstalk between auxin and ABA. Altogether, our results suggest that AMI1 is involved in coordinating the trade-off between plant growth and stress responses, balancing auxin and ABA homeostasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Quality Control of Indole-3-acetamide).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Quality Control of Indole-3-acetamide

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from聽Bacillus thuringiensis聽and聽Bacillus velezensis聽and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Indole-3-acetic acid in Fusarium graminearum: Identification of biosynthetic pathways and characterization of physiological effects was written by Luo, Kun;Rocheleau, Helene;Qi, Peng-Fei;Zheng, You-Liang;Zhao, Hui-Yan;Ouellet, Therese. And the article was included in Fungal Biology in 2016.SDS of cas: 879-37-8 This article mentions the following:

Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogenic fungus causing fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. This fungus can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a very large amount of IAA accumulates in wheat head tissues during the first few days of infection by F. graminearum. Using liquid culture conditions, we have determined that F. graminearum can use tryptamine (TAM) and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) as biosynthetic intermediates to produce IAA. It is the first time that F. graminearum is shown to use the L-tryptophan-dependent TAM and IAN pathways rather than the indole-3-acetamide or indole-3-pyruvic acid pathways to produce IAA. Our experiments also showed that exogenous IAA was metabolized by F. graminearum. Exogenous IAA, TAM, and IAN inhibited mycelial growth; IAA and IAN also affected the hyphae branching pattern and delayed macroconidium germination. IAA and TAM had a small pos. effect on the production of the mycotoxin 15-ADON while IAN inhibited its production Our results showed that IAA and biosynthetic intermediates had a significant effect on F. graminearum physiol. and suggested a new area of exploration for fungicidal compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8SDS of cas: 879-37-8).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole, first isolated in 1866, and it is commonly synthesized from phenylhydrazine and pyruvic acid, although several other procedures have been discovered.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.SDS of cas: 879-37-8

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from聽Bacillus thuringiensis聽and聽Bacillus velezensis聽and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Short-term salt stress in Brassica rapa seedlings causes alterations in auxin metabolism was written by Pavlovic, Iva;Pencik, Ales;Novak, Ondrej;Vujcic, Valerija;Radic Brkanac, Sandra;Lepedus, Hrvoje;Strnad, Miroslav;Salopek-Sondi, Branka. And the article was included in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) in 2018.Reference of 879-37-8 This article mentions the following:

Salinity is one of major abiotic stresses affecting Brassica crop production Here we present investigations into the physiol., biochem., and hormonal components of the short-term salinity stress response in Chinese cabbage seedlings, with particular emphasis on the biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Upon salinity treatments (50-200 mM NaCl) IAA level was elevated in a dose dependent manner reaching 1.6-fold increase at the most severe salt treatment in comparison to the control. IAA precursor profiling suggested that salinity activated the indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetaldoxime biosynthetic pathways while suppressing the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway. Levels of the IAA catabolites 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid-aspartate increased 1.7- and 2.0-fold, resp., under the most severe treatment, in parallel with those of IAA. Conversely, levels of the ester conjugate indole-3-acetyl-1-O-ss-d-glucose and its catabolite 2-oxoindole-3-acetyl-1-O-ss-d-glucose decreased 2.5- and 7.0-fold, resp. The concentrations of stress hormones including jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA and JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) confirmed the stress induced by salt treatment: levels of JA and JA-Ile increased strongly under the mildest treatment, ABA only increased under the most severe treatment, and SA levels decreased dose-dependently. These hormonal changes were related to the observed changes in biochem. stress markers upon salt treatments: reductions in seedling fresh weight and root growth, decreased photosynthesis rate, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and elevated proline content and the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. Correlations among auxin profile and biochem. stress markers were discussed based on Pearson’s coefficients and principal component anal. (PCA). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Reference of 879-37-8).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole, first isolated in 1866, and it is commonly synthesized from phenylhydrazine and pyruvic acid, although several other procedures have been discovered. Due to this activity, the indole ring system has become an important component or intermediate in the synthesis of heterocycles.Reference of 879-37-8

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from聽Bacillus thuringiensis聽and聽Bacillus velezensis聽and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology study on the protective effect of Keguan-1 granules in LPS-induced acute lung injury was written by Chen, Shuaishuai;Zhou, Mingxi;Zhao, Xu;Han, Yanzhong;Huang, Ying;Zhang, Long;Wang, Jiabo;Xiao, Xiaohe;Li, Pengyan. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Biology (Abingdon, United Kingdom) in 2022.Computed Properties of C10H10N2O This article mentions the following:

Keguan-1 (KG-1) plays a vital role in enhancing the curative effects, improving quality of life, and reducing the development of acute lung injury (ALI). To unravel the protective effect and underlying mechanism of KG-1 against ALI. C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide to establish the ALI model. Then, mice in the KG-1 group received a dose of 5.04 g/kg for 12 h. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and pathol. characteristics were determined to explore the effects of KG-1. Next, untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites and involved pathways for KG-1 anti-ALI. Network pharmacol. was carried out to predict the putative active components and drug targets of KG-1 anti-ALI. KG-1 significantly improved the levels of TNF-伪 (from 2295.92 卤 529.87 pg/mL to 1167.64 卤 318.91 pg/mL), IL-6 (from 4688.80 卤 481.68 pg/mL to 3604.43 卤 382.00 pg/mL), CXCL1 (from 4361.76 卤 505.73 pg/mL to 2981.04 卤 526.18 pg/mL), CXCL2 (from 5034.09 卤 809.28 pg/mL to 2980.30 卤 747.63 pg/mL), and impaired lung histol. damage. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that KG-1 significantly regulated 12 different metabolites, which mainly related to lipid, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism Network pharmacol. showed that KG-1 exhibited anti-ALI effects through 17 potentially active components acting on seven putative drug targets to regulate four metabolites. Discussion and conclusionsThis work elucidated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism by which KG-1 protects against ALI from the view of the metabolome, thus providing a scientific basis for the usage of KG-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Computed Properties of C10H10N2O).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole is an important structural motif of various drugs, therapeutic leads besides its prevalence in numerous natural products, agrochemicals, perfumery, and dyes.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.Computed Properties of C10H10N2O

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from聽Bacillus thuringiensis聽and聽Bacillus velezensis聽and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Indole-3-acetic acid is synthesized by the endophyte Cyanodermella asteris via a tryptophan-dependent and -independent way and mediates the interaction with a non-host plant was written by Jahn, Linda;Hofmann, Uta;Ludwig-mueller, Jutta. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the main signals playing a role in the communication between host and endophytes. Endophytes can synthesize IAA de novo to influence the IAA homeostasis in plants. Although much is known about IAA biosynthesis in microorganisms, there is still less known about the pathway by which IAA is synthesized in fungal endophytes. The aim of this study is to examine a possible IAA biosynthesis pathway in Cyanodermella asteris. In vitro cultures of C. asteris were incubated with the IAA precursors tryptophan (Trp) and indole, as well as possible intermediates, and they were addnl. treated with IAA biosynthesis inhibitors (2-mercaptobenzimidazole and yucasin DF) to elucidate possible IAA biosynthesis pathways. It was shown that (a) C. asteris synthesized IAA without adding precursors; (b) indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAD) increased IAA biosynthesis; and (c) C. asteris synthesized IAA also by a Trp-independent pathway. Together with the genome information of C. asteris, the possible IAA biosynthesis pathways found can improve the understanding of IAA biosynthesis in fungal endophytes. The uptake of fungal IAA into Arabidopsis thaliana is necessary for the induction of lateral roots and other fungus-related growth phenotypes, since the application of the influx inhibitor 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) but not the efflux inhibitor N-1-naphtylphthalamic acid (NPA) were altering these parameters. In addition, the root phenotype of the mutation in an influx carrier, aux1, was partially rescued by C. asteris. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Category: indole-building-block).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. In addition to indole, the strain-release chemistry worked for numerous substrates including amines, alcohols, thiols, carboxylic acids, imidazoles, and pyrazoles.Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from聽Bacillus thuringiensis聽and聽Bacillus velezensis聽and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and its 31 catabolites in mouse tissues by polarity switching UHPLC-SRM-MS was written by Chen, Guan-yuan;Zhong, Wei;Zhou, Zhanxiang;Zhang, Qibin. And the article was included in Analytica Chimica Acta in 2018.Safety of Indole-3-acetamide This article mentions the following:

Tryptophan (TRP) and its catabolites have attracted a lot of attention because of their clin. significance to human health. Recently, microbiome-gut-brain axis has links to many diseases based on the imbalance of TRP catabolism. By using ultra-HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the authors present a rapid, robust and comprehensive method to determine 31 TRP catabolites covering three major pathways – kynurenic, serotonergic and bacterial degradation – within 5 min. Polarity switching was employed to analyze catabolites in both ionization modes simultaneously for greatly improved anal. throughput. The intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.5-15.8% and 1.5-16.7%, resp. Accuracy was 75.8-126.9%. The developed method was applied to study the tissue level of TRP catabolites in the liver, ileum, ileal contents, brain and plasma samples from 8 mice, and clear differences in the distribution of TRP catabolites were observed in different tissues. Ratios of key catabolites to TRP were used to evaluate the activities of specific enzyme and pathway in resp. tissues. This method has potential in high throughput anal. of TRP catabolites in biol. matrixes, which can facilitate understanding the influence of TRP catabolites on microbiome-gut-brain axis and on human health. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Safety of Indole-3-acetamide).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole exists overwhelmingly in the 1H-indole form as do other simple indoles. Moreover, it is known that it controls biofilm formation. However, the role of indole in the cell has not been fully elucidated.Safety of Indole-3-acetamide

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Endogenous indole-3-acetamide levels contribute to the crosstalk between auxin and abscisic acid, and trigger plant stress responses in Arabidopsis was written by Perez-Alonso, Marta-Marina;Ortiz-Garcia, Paloma;Moya-Cuevas, Jose;Lehmann, Thomas;Sanchez-Parra, Beatriz;Bjork, Robert G.;Karim, Sazzad;Amirjani, Mohammad R.;Aronsson, Henrik;Wilkinson, Mark D.;Pollmann, Stephan. And the article was included in Journal of Experimental Botany in 2021.Quality Control of Indole-3-acetamide This article mentions the following:

The evolutionary success of plants relies to a large extent on their extraordinary ability to adapt to changes in their environment. These adaptations require that plants balance their growth with their stress responses. Plant hormones are crucial mediators orchestrating the underlying adaptive processes. However, whether and how the growth-related hormone auxin and the stress-related hormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid (ABA) are coordinated remains largely elusive. Here, we analyze the physiol. role of AMIDASE 1 (AMI1) in Arabidopsis plant growth and its possible connection to plant adaptations to abiotic stresses. AMI1 contributes to cellular auxin homeostasis by catalyzing the conversion of indole-acetamide into the major plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid. Functional impairment of AMI1 increases the plant’s stress status rendering mutant plants more susceptible to abiotic stresses. Transcriptomic anal. of ami1 mutants disclosed the reprogramming of a considerable number of stress-related genes, including jasmonic acid and ABA biosynthesis genes. The ami1 mutants exhibit only moderately repressed growth but an enhanced ABA accumulation, which suggests a role for AMI1 in the crosstalk between auxin and ABA. Altogether, our results suggest that AMI1 is involved in coordinating the trade-off between plant growth and stress responses, balancing auxin and ABA homeostasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8Quality Control of Indole-3-acetamide).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Quality Control of Indole-3-acetamide

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Indole-3-acetic acid in Fusarium graminearum: Identification of biosynthetic pathways and characterization of physiological effects was written by Luo, Kun;Rocheleau, Helene;Qi, Peng-Fei;Zheng, You-Liang;Zhao, Hui-Yan;Ouellet, Therese. And the article was included in Fungal Biology in 2016.SDS of cas: 879-37-8 This article mentions the following:

Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogenic fungus causing fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. This fungus can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a very large amount of IAA accumulates in wheat head tissues during the first few days of infection by F. graminearum. Using liquid culture conditions, we have determined that F. graminearum can use tryptamine (TAM) and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) as biosynthetic intermediates to produce IAA. It is the first time that F. graminearum is shown to use the L-tryptophan-dependent TAM and IAN pathways rather than the indole-3-acetamide or indole-3-pyruvic acid pathways to produce IAA. Our experiments also showed that exogenous IAA was metabolized by F. graminearum. Exogenous IAA, TAM, and IAN inhibited mycelial growth; IAA and IAN also affected the hyphae branching pattern and delayed macroconidium germination. IAA and TAM had a small pos. effect on the production of the mycotoxin 15-ADON while IAN inhibited its production Our results showed that IAA and biosynthetic intermediates had a significant effect on F. graminearum physiol. and suggested a new area of exploration for fungicidal compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8SDS of cas: 879-37-8).

Indole-3-acetamide (cas: 879-37-8) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole, first isolated in 1866, and it is commonly synthesized from phenylhydrazine and pyruvic acid, although several other procedures have been discovered.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.SDS of cas: 879-37-8

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles