Tag: 284.3114

The roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune responses was written by Nguyen, Nam Trung;Hanieh, Hamza;Nakahama, Taisuke;Kishimoto, Tadamitsu. And the article was included in International Immunology in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 172922-91-7 This article mentions the following:

The wide range of effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor on the immune system. A number of recent studies have examined the functions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in the immune system. Also known as dioxin receptor, Ahr is a ligand-activated transcription factor that serves as a receptor for various environmental toxins. The functions of Ahr in T cells depend on the specific ligand bound to the receptor. For instance, binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to Ahr suppresses exptl. autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by promoting the development of Foxp3⁺ T_reg cells, whereas 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole enhances EAE by inducing the differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells. Furthermore, specifically deleting Ahr in T cells inhibits collagen-induced arthritis in mice. In macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), Ahr is anti-inflammatory. In response to LPS, Ahr-deficient macrophages show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and Ahr-deficient DCs produce less of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In this review, we discuss the roles of Ahr in macrophages and T cells. Moreover, studies examining Ahr activation in other cell types have revealed addnl. contributions to B cell and osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation. We also briefly summarize the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying Ahr activation in various cells and discuss the potential clin. implications of cell-specific targeting of Ahr in pathol. conditions of the immune system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7HPLC of Formula: 172922-91-7).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole produced by Proteus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia and other species was shown to be a growth promoting factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to indole, the strain-release chemistry worked for numerous substrates including amines, alcohols, thiols, carboxylic acids, imidazoles, and pyrazoles.HPLC of Formula: 172922-91-7

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor attenuates acute cigarette smoke-induced airway neutrophilia independent of the dioxin response element was written by De Souza, Angela Rico;Traboulsi, Hussein;Wang, Xinyu;Fritz, Jorg H.;Eidelman, David H.;Baglole, Carolyn J.. And the article was included in Frontiers in Immunology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 172922-91-7 This article mentions the following:

Cigarette smoke is a prevalent respiratory toxicant that remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoke induces inflammation in the lungs and airways that contributes to the development of diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands in cigarette smoke, activation of the AhR has been implicated in driving this inflammatory response. However, we have previously shown that the AhR suppresses cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation, but the mechanism by which the AhR achieves its anti-inflammatory function is unknown. In this study, we use the AhR antagonist CH-223191 to inhibit AhR activity in mice. After an acute (3-day) cigarette smoke exposure, AhR inhibition was associated with significantly enhanced neutrophilia in the airways in response to cigarette smoke, mimicking the phenotype of AhR-deficient mice. We then used genetically-modified mouse strains which express an AhR that can bind ligand but either cannot translocate to the nucleus or bind its cognate response element, to show that these features of the AhR pathway are not required for the AhR to suppress pulmonary neutrophilia. Finally, using the non-toxic endogenous AhR ligand FICZ, we provide proof-of-concept that activation of pulmonary AhR attenuates smoke-induced inflammation. Collectively, these results support the importance of AhR activity inmediating its anti-inflammatory function in response to cigarette smoke. Further investigation of the precise mechanisms by which the AhR exerts is protective functions may lead to the development of therapeutic agents to treat people with chronic lung diseases that have an inflammatory etiol., but for which few therapeutic options exist. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7HPLC of Formula: 172922-91-7).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.HPLC of Formula: 172922-91-7

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits inflammation in DSS-induced colitis via the MK2/p-MK2/TTP pathway was written by Wang, Qimeng;Yang, Kunqiu;Han, Bin;Sheng, Baifa;Yin, Jiuheng;Pu, Aimin;Li, Liangzi;Sun, Lihua;Yu, Min;Qiu, Yuan;Xiao, Weidong;Yang, Hua. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Medicine in 2018.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is believed to be associated with the abnormal expression of inflammatory factors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, which can suppress the inflammatory response and attenuate exptl. colitis. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the effects of AhR remains unclear. The present study investigated the role of AhR in the pathogenesis of IBD. Colitis was induced in mice by administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. The mice were also administered injections of the AhR agonist, 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), starting 2 days after the first administration of DSS. Furthermore, LoVo cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of FICZ for 8 h. The protein expression levels of AhR, cytochrome P 450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) were assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence, whereas mRNA expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription-quant. polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that injection of mice with FICZ significantly attenuated DSS-induced colitis; in addition, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were markedly downregulated. Conversely, the expression levels of AhR and TTP were upregulated. In addition, mice in the AhR-knockout + DSS group exhibited elevated inflammatory cytokine production and developed more severe colitis. In LoVo cells, incubation with FICZ decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, whereas AhR and TTP expression was increased. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated-mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (p-MK2) were decreased. These results suggested that AhR deficiency resulted in increased susceptibility to colitis, whereas activation of AhR by FICZ could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis via the MK2/p-MK2/TTP pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Category: indole-building-block).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. In addition to tryptophan, indigo, and indoleacetic acid, numerous compounds obtainable from plant or animal sources contain the indole molecular structure. In addition to indole, the strain-release chemistry worked for numerous substrates including amines, alcohols, thiols, carboxylic acids, imidazoles, and pyrazoles.Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

FICZ: A Messenger of Light in Human Skin was written by Syed, Deeba N.;Mukhtar, Hasan. And the article was included in Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2015.Quality Control of 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Photosensitization, subsequent to photon absorption by chromophores present in the human skin, appears to be a key mechanism of UV-induced oxidative stress. The tryptophan photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand, has been found to be a potent UVA photosensitizer, effective at nanomolar concentrations A novel addition to the family of endogenous photosensitizers, the precise mechanism(s) through which it mediates oxidative stress in UVA exposed skin and its response to the UVB spectrum of the solar UV flux remains unexplored. Further studies related to its functionality in the human skin, its utility as a tool against UV-induced adverse effects, and its role in inflammatory skin diseases will have the potential to open up new avenues in the realms of human skin photobiol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Quality Control of 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole is an important structural motif of various drugs, therapeutic leads besides its prevalence in numerous natural products, agrochemicals, perfumery, and dyes. Moreover, it is known that it controls biofilm formation. However, the role of indole in the cell has not been fully elucidated.Quality Control of 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Intestinal Obstruction Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Via Suppression of MLCK-MLC Phosphorylation Pathway was written by Han, Bin;Sheng, Baifa;Zhang, Zhicao;Pu, Aimin;Yin, Jiuheng;Wang, Qimeng;Yang, Kunqiu;Sun, Lihua;Yu, Min;Qiu, Yuan;Xiao, Weidong;Yang, Hua. And the article was included in Shock in 2016.Quality Control of 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in the maintenance of the function of the intestinal barrier in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in mouse models. Intestinal obstruction (IO) is a clin. emergency consisting of severe dysfunction of intestinal barrier function, and whether AhR plays a role in the pathogenesis of IO remains unknown but would be highly significant. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to IO and either treated with AhR endogenous agonist 6-formylindolo [3, 2-b] carbazole (FICZ) or left untreated. Intestinal tissue was harvested after 24h. Correspondingly, Caco-2 monolayers were treated with FICZ in the absence or presence of hypoxia in vitro or left untreated. The cells were used after 12h. Results: Damage to the intestinal mucosa was anabatic and intestinal permeability was significantly higher in murine IO and hypoxia-induced Caco-2 models than in controls. Under these conditions the activity of AhR was lower and the fluorescence of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was absent. The increased expression of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and phosphorylated MLC (pMLC) indicated that this pathway was open. However, treatment with FICZ caused retention of the tight junction protein ZO-1, alleviated the increase of intestinal permeability, and mitigated epithelial injury. Depletion of AhR by AhR small interfering RNA facilitated the unblocking of the MLCK-pMLC signaling pathway and repressed the protein expression of ZO-1 in vitro. Conclusion: AhR activation can ameliorate epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by IO through the suppression of MLCK-pMLC signaling, suggesting that AhR agonist may be a suitable means of addressing this condition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Quality Control of 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole, first isolated in 1866, and it is commonly synthesized from phenylhydrazine and pyruvic acid, although several other procedures have been discovered. They are capable of binding to a variety of receptors with high affinity and thus have applications in a wide range of therapeutic areas.Quality Control of 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

OVOL1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by enhancing the degradation of TGF-β type I receptor was written by Fan, Chuannan;Wang, Qian;van der Zon, Gerard;Ren, Jiang;Agaser, Cedrick;Slieker, Roderick C.;Iyengar, Prasanna Vasudevan;Mei, Hailiang;ten Dijke, Peter. And the article was included in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H12N2O This article mentions the following:

Ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1) is a key mediator of epithelial lineage determination and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The cytokines transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) control the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) of cancer cells, but whether this occurs through interplay with OVOL1 is not known. Here, we show that OVOL1 is inversely correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, and is an indicator of a favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. OVOL1 suppresses EMT, migration, extravasation, and early metastatic events of breast cancer cells. Importantly, BMP strongly promotes the expression of OVOL1, which enhances BMP signaling in turn. This pos. feedback loop is established through the inhibition of TGF-B receptor signaling by OVOL1. Mechanistically, OVOL1 interacts with and prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7), which is a neg. regulator of TGF-B type I receptor stability. Moreover, a small-mol. compound 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) was identified to activate OVOL1 expression and thereby antagonizing (at least in part) TGF-B-mediated EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which OVOL1 attenuates TGF-β/SMAD signaling and maintains the epithelial identity of breast cancer cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Electric Literature of C19H12N2O).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole exists overwhelmingly in the 1H-indole form as do other simple indoles.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.Electric Literature of C19H12N2O

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

In vitro treatment of mouse and human cells with endogenous ligands for activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was written by Yamada, Taisho;Takaoka, Akinori. And the article was included in Bio-Protocol in 2017.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by endogenous ligands has been implicated in a variety of physiol. processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and immune responses. It is reported that tryptophan metabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn) and 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), are endogenous ligands for AHR (Stockinger et al., 2014). This protocol is designed for treatment with Kyn or FICZ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary peripheral monocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Category: indole-building-block).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. Indole plays a fundamental role for QS in E. coli, being one of the signal molecules responsible for the transcription of a variety of genes (gabT, and tnaB ASTD). Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

In vitro treatment of mouse and human cells with endogenous ligands for activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was written by Yamada, Taisho;Takaoka, Akinori. And the article was included in Bio-Protocol in 2017.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by endogenous ligands has been implicated in a variety of physiol. processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and immune responses. It is reported that tryptophan metabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn) and 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), are endogenous ligands for AHR (Stockinger et al., 2014). This protocol is designed for treatment with Kyn or FICZ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary peripheral monocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Category: indole-building-block).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. Indole plays a fundamental role for QS in E. coli, being one of the signal molecules responsible for the transcription of a variety of genes (gabT, and tnaB ASTD). Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

OVOL1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by enhancing the degradation of TGF-β type I receptor was written by Fan, Chuannan;Wang, Qian;van der Zon, Gerard;Ren, Jiang;Agaser, Cedrick;Slieker, Roderick C.;Iyengar, Prasanna Vasudevan;Mei, Hailiang;ten Dijke, Peter. And the article was included in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H12N2O This article mentions the following:

Ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1) is a key mediator of epithelial lineage determination and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The cytokines transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) control the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) of cancer cells, but whether this occurs through interplay with OVOL1 is not known. Here, we show that OVOL1 is inversely correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, and is an indicator of a favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. OVOL1 suppresses EMT, migration, extravasation, and early metastatic events of breast cancer cells. Importantly, BMP strongly promotes the expression of OVOL1, which enhances BMP signaling in turn. This pos. feedback loop is established through the inhibition of TGF-B receptor signaling by OVOL1. Mechanistically, OVOL1 interacts with and prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7), which is a neg. regulator of TGF-B type I receptor stability. Moreover, a small-mol. compound 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) was identified to activate OVOL1 expression and thereby antagonizing (at least in part) TGF-B-mediated EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which OVOL1 attenuates TGF-β/SMAD signaling and maintains the epithelial identity of breast cancer cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Electric Literature of C19H12N2O).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole exists overwhelmingly in the 1H-indole form as do other simple indoles.Indole was synthesized in moderate yield via an o-naphthoquinone catalyzed tandem cross-coupling of substituted aniline and benzylamine under aerobic oxidation conditions.Electric Literature of C19H12N2O

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

In vitro treatment of mouse and human cells with endogenous ligands for activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was written by Yamada, Taisho;Takaoka, Akinori. And the article was included in Bio-Protocol in 2017.Category: indole-building-block This article mentions the following:

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by endogenous ligands has been implicated in a variety of physiol. processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and immune responses. It is reported that tryptophan metabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn) and 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), are endogenous ligands for AHR (Stockinger et al., 2014). This protocol is designed for treatment with Kyn or FICZ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary peripheral monocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7Category: indole-building-block).

5,11-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-6-carbaldehyde (cas: 172922-91-7) belongs to indole derivatives. Indole could be stereoselectively alkylated with chiral cyclopentyl sulfone reagent. Indole plays a fundamental role for QS in E. coli, being one of the signal molecules responsible for the transcription of a variety of genes (gabT, and tnaB ASTD). Category: indole-building-block

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles