An article High concentrations of flavor chemicals are present in electronic cigarette refill fluids WOS:000459281500037 published article about NICOTINE DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; CINNAMALDEHYDE; TOXICITY; MONOGRAPHS; CANDY in [Omaiye, Esther E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Omaiye, Esther E.; Talbot, Prue] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mol Cell & Syst Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [McWhirter, Kevin J.; Luo, Wentai; Tierney, Peyton A.; Pankow, James F.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA in 2019.0, Cited 44.0. Name: Benzyl Alcohol. The Name is Benzyl Alcohol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 100-51-6
We characterized the flavor chemicals in a broad sample of commercially available electronic cigarette (EC) refill fluids that were purchased in four different countries. Flavor chemicals in 277 refill fluids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and two commonly used flavor chemicals were tested for cytotoxicity with the MTT assay using human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells. About 85% of the refill fluids had total flavor concentrations >1mg/ml, and 37% were >10mg/ml (1% by weight). Of the 155 flavor chemicals identified in the 277 refill fluids, 50 were present at >= 1mg/ml in at least one sample and 11 were >10mg/ml in 54 of the refill fluids. Sixty-one% (170 out of 277) of the samples contained nicotine, and of these, 56% had a total flavor chemical/nicotine ratio >2. Four chemicals were present in 50% (menthol, triacetin, and cinnamaldehyde) to 80% (ethyl maltol) of the samples. Some products had concentrations of menthol (Menthol Arctic) and ethyl maltol (No. 64) that were 30 times (menthol) and 100 times (ethyl maltol) their cytotoxic concentration. One refill fluid contained cinnamaldehyde at similar to 34% (343 mg/ml), more than 100,000 times its cytotoxic level. High concentrations of some flavor chemicals in EC refill fluids are potentially harmful to users, and continued absence of any regulations regarding flavor chemicals in EC fluids will likely be detrimental to human health.
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Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles